The MAde-up state

The Made-Up State investigates the relationship between technology and the globalization of transgender knowledge from the mid-century onwards in Indonesia, the world’s fourth most populous nation but one that is often positioned as marginal to the world system. 

Drawing on a rich and varied archive of trans cultural life, the book argues that waria, one Indonesian term for trans femininity established via a novel engagement with the modern gender binary, transformed the relationship between gender, sexuality and technological modernity.

 

AWARDS AND PRIZES

  • 2023 Anne Bolin & Gil Herdt Book Prize in Human Sexuality (American Anthropological Association)

Praise for the made-Up State

The Made-Up State is a breakthrough. Hegarty's detailed historical and ethnographic analysis links trans femininity in Indonesia to the interplay of urban governance and emerging technologies of gender. This book will be invaluable to queer studies, Southeast Asian studies, Science and Technology Studies, and beyond.”

Tom Boellstorff, University of California, Irvine, author of The Gay Archipelago


“Conceptually rigorous and built upon a stunning historical examination, this book is a much-needed and timely contribution to queer and trans studies in Indonesia. Hegarty connects the politics of 'being seen' and 'acceptance' of Indonesian trans women with the broader idea of a nation's progress, spatial governance, and citizenship. His trenchant analysis highlights various creative agencies of trans women in navigating the state's regime throughout history.”

Hendri Yulius Wijaya, author of Intimate Assemblages

Reviews of The Made-Up State

“Benjamin Hegarty’s The Made-Up State is a sharp intervention into the ‘global’ and ‘local’ dimensions of what has become a near-universal concern with the politics of gender identification and recognition – many countries now grapple with the demands of legal change… The very mapping of gender as an effect of technology is itself remarkable, as is the articulation of the failures of a state to sanction cisgender normativity as the condition for full belonging.

Brian Curtin, Southeast Asia Research

Media and Presentations

I have introduced some of the material that I expand at length in the book in my other writing in addition to the following seminars: